Common Hedgehog Ailments: What Every Owner Should Know

Hedgehogs are generally hardy little pets, but because of their small size, even minor illnesses can become serious very quickly. Hedgehogs are also experts at hiding problems until they become advanced, so it’s important to stay alert to changes in their behavior, appetite, or appearance. If you ever suspect something is wrong, always contact a qualified exotic veterinarian right away.

Below are some common health concerns in hedgehogs and what to watch for:

Respiratory Issues

A hedgehog’s nose can reveal a lot about its health. Bubbles, constant sneezing, or excessive dripping may signal respiratory problems such as pneumonia, which is often bacterial in nature. Quick veterinary treatment with antibiotics can make a big difference.

Dental and Mouth Problems

Hedgehogs may get food or objects stuck in their mouths, particularly peanuts or sunflower seeds. This can prevent them from eating and may even become life-threatening if not addressed. Dental abscesses are also possible, usually shown by chewing on only one side of the mouth or avoiding harder foods. Feeding a high-quality, crunchy diet such as Exotic Nutrition’s ZooPro Hedgehog Essential can support dental health while providing balanced nutrition.

Eye and Ear Concerns

Eyes are vulnerable to scratches, cataracts, or injury from exercise wheels without padding. While hedgehogs can adapt well to partial or full blindness, any eye injury should be checked by a vet. Ears are less commonly affected, though minor tears may appear and generally don’t cause serious issues.

Feet and Legs

Toenails grow quickly and can curl into the paw pads if not trimmed, leading to pain or infection. Nails can also snag and tear. Regular trimming and daily foot checks are essential. Hedgehogs can also injure legs through falls or entanglement. Watch for limping, swelling, or favoring a leg. If you see thread or hair wrapped around a limb, remove it immediately to avoid circulation loss.

Skin and Quills

Mites are a common concern and can cause itching, quill loss, or flaky skin. Fungal infections like ringworm are less common but require veterinary treatment. A strong immune system can help prevent many of these issues—consider using supplements like Exotic Nutrition’s Hedgehog Booster, which provides essential vitamins and minerals to support overall health. 

Internal Concerns

Hedgehogs are prone to internal issues such as bowel obstructions, infections, or tumors. Changes in droppings (especially bright green stools) or blood in urine/feces are red flags that require veterinary care. Female hedgehogs may also develop mammary or uterine tumors.

Preventative Care

The best way to protect your hedgehog’s health is with daily hands-on checks, a safe environment, and a nutritionally balanced diet. Along with quality foods like ZooPro Hedgehog Essential, supplements such as Hedgehog Booster can help ensure your pet gets the support they need to stay active and healthy.

Bottom line: Hedgehogs are resilient but fragile pets. Small problems can escalate quickly, so early detection and proper care are critical. Stay attentive, provide high-quality nutrition, and seek veterinary help whenever something seems “off.”

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Notice: Exotic Nutrition cannot provide specific care guidelines on an individual basis. Please consult a veterinarian or experienced breeder.

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